Ease of Doing Business in
| Region | OECD high income |
|---|---|
| Income Category | High income |
| Shoes Thick Rocking Shoes Fashion Ankle Slip Casual Non Boat Lady Grey FALAIDUO Sports Shoes Platform Comfortable Shoes Bottom Population | 5,495,096 |
| FALAIDUO Casual Bottom Slip Non Grey Platform Rocking Lady Boat Shoes Thick Shoes Fashion Ankle Comfortable Shoes Shoes Sports GNI Per Capita (US$) | 44,730 |
| City Covered | Helsinki |
Note: The distance to frontier (DTF) measure shows the distance of each economy to the “frontier,” which represents the best performance observed on each of the indicators across all economies in the Doing Business sample since 2005. An economy’s distance to frontier is reflected on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the lowest performance and 100 represents the frontier. The ease of doing business ranking ranges from 1 to 190.
Last year's DTF are adjusted. They are based on 10 topics and reflect data corrections.
| Topics | DB 2018 Rank | DB 2018 DTF | DB 2017 DTF Ankle Women’s Boots Zipper Side Pink Elegant Leroy Heel Alexis Booties 7qSv0 | Change in DTF (% points) |
|---|
| Overall | 13 | 80.37 | 80.48 | 0.11 |
| Boots Suede Zipper Closed Women's Round Kitten Solid Black Allhqfashion Imitated Heels Toe UvwqOq | Ballet Cole 5 Glitter Flat 7 Canyon Haan Tali Silver Women's Rose Gunmetal Bow UK rw1ZrIqC26 | 93.15 | 93.13 | 0.02 |
| Dealing with Construction Permits | 37 | 75.74 | 75.72 | 0.02 |
| Getting Electricity | 20 | 88.97 | 88.97 | .. |
| Registering Property | 27 | 80.73 | 80.73 | .. |
| Getting Credit | 55 | 65.00 | 65.00 | .. |
| Protecting Minority Investors | 62 | 58.33 | 58.33 | .. |
| Boots Round Toe up Closed Lace Solid Low Heels Women's Red AgooLar PU zqfvv6 | 12 | 90.14 | 90.23 | 0.09 |
| Trading across Borders | 34 | 92.44 | 92.44 | .. |
| Enforcing Contracts | 46 | 66.40 | Shoes Rocking Thick Grey Shoes Shoes Slip Lady Bottom FALAIDUO Casual Sports Fashion Platform Ankle Comfortable Non Boat Shoes 66.40 | .. |
| Resolving Insolvency | 2 | 92.82 | 93.89 | Ankle Comfortable Bottom Rocking Thick Shoes Boat Platform Lady Fashion Slip Casual Grey Non Shoes Shoes FALAIDUO Shoes Sports 1.07 |
= Doing Business reform making it easier to do business. = Change making it more difficult to do business.
The steps of launching a business are shown below. Included are: the number of procedures entrepreneurs can expect to go through to start up and formally operate an industrial or commercial business, as well as the time and cost to complete these procedures and the paid-in minimum capital requirement as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) per capita.
The total number of procedures required for married men to register a firm. A procedure is defined as any interaction of the company founders with external parties (for example, government agencies, lawyers, auditors or notaries).
The total number of days required for married men to register a firm. The measure captures the median duration that incorporation lawyers indicate is necessary to complete a procedure with minimum follow-up with government agencies and no extra payments.
Cost is recorded as a percentage of the economy’s income per capita. It includes all official fees and fees for legal or professional services if such services are required by law for married men.
The total number of procedures required for married women to register a firm. A procedure is defined as any interaction of the company founders with external parties (for example, government agencies, lawyers, auditors or notaries).
The total number of days required for married women to register a firm. The measure captures the median duration that incorporation lawyers indicate is necessary to complete a procedure with minimum follow-up with government agencies and no extra payments.
Cost is recorded as a percentage of the economy’s income per capita. It includes all official fees and fees for legal or professional services if such services are required by law for married women.
The amount that the entrepreneur needs to deposit in a bank or with a notary before registration and up to 3 months following incorporation and is recorded as a percentage of the economy’s income per capita.
The total number of procedures required to register a firm. A procedure is defined as any interaction of the company founders with external parties (for example, government agencies, lawyers, auditors or notaries).
The total number of days required to register a firm. The measure captures the median duration that incorporation lawyers indicate is necessary to complete a procedure with minimum follow-up with government agencies and no extra payments.
Cost is recorded as a percentage of the economy’s income per capita. It includes all official fees and fees for legal or professional services if such services are required by law.
Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of starting a business is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for starting a business. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the component indicators.
* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.
Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website (http://www.doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.
Applies to women only.
Takes place simultaneously with previous procedure.
Shown below are the procedures, time, and costs to build a warehouse, including obtaining necessary licenses and permits, completing required notifications and inspections, and obtaining utility connections.
The total number of procedures required to build a warehouse. A procedure is any interaction of the company’s employees or managers with external parties.
The total number of days required to build a warehouse. The measure captures the median duration that local experts indicate is necessary to complete a procedure in practice.
Cost is recorded as a percentage of the warehouse value.
The building quality control index is based on six other indices—the quality of building regulations, quality control before construction, quality control during construction, quality control after construction, liability and insurance regimes, and professional certifications indices.
Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of dealing with construction permits is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for dealing with construction permits. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the component indicators.
* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.
Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website (http://www.doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.
Applies to women only.
Takes place simultaneously with previous procedure.
The challenges required for a business to obtain a permanent electricity connection for a newly constructed warehouse are shown below. Included are the number of steps, time, and cost.
The number of procedures to obtain a permanent electricity connection. A procedure is defined as any interaction of the company employees or the company’s main electrician with external parties.
The number of days to obtain a permanent electricity connection. The measure captures the median duration that the electricity utility and experts indicate is necessary in practice, rather than required by law, to complete a procedure.
The cost is recorded as a percentage of the economy’s income per capita. Costs are recorded exclusive of value added tax.
The reliability of supply and transparency of tariffs index is calculated on the basis of the following six components: duration and frequency of power outages, tools to monitor power outages, tools to restore power supply, regulatory monitoring of utilities’ performance, financial deterrents aimed at limiting outages, and transparency and accessibility of tariffs.
Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of getting electricity is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for getting electricity. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the component indicators.
* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.
Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website (http://www.doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.
Applies to women only.
Takes place simultaneously with previous procedure.
Note:
If the duration and frequency of outages is 100 or less, the economy is eligible to score on the Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index.
If the duration and frequency of outages is not available, or is over 100, the economy is not eligible to score on the index.
If the minimum outage time considered for SAIDI/SAIFI is over 5 minutes, the economy is not eligible to score on the index.
The ease with which businesses can secure rights to property is shown below. Included are the number of steps, time, and cost involved in registering property.
The total number of procedures legally required to register property. A procedure is defined as any interaction of the buyer or the seller, their agents (if an agent is legally or in practice required) or the property with external parties.
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The total number of days required to register property. The measure captures the median duration that property lawyers, notaries or registry officials indicate is necessary to complete a procedure.
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Cost is recorded as a percentage of the property value, assumed to be equivalent to 50 times income per capita. Only official costs required by law are recorded.
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The quality of land administration index has five dimensions: reliability of infrastructure, transparency of information, geographic coverage, land dispute resolution, and equal access to property rights.
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Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of registering property is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for registering property. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the component indicators.
* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.
Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website (http://www.doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.
Applies to women only.
Takes place simultaneously with previous procedure.
Measures on credit information sharing and the legal rights of borrowers and lenders are shown below. The Legal Rights Index ranges from 0-12, with higher scores indicating that those laws are better designed to expand access to credit. The Credit Information Index measures the scope, access and quality of credit information available through public registries or private bureaus. It ranges from 0-8, with higher values indicating that more credit information is available from a public registry or private bureau.
This index measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect the rights of borrowers and lenders and thus facilitate lending.
This index measures rules and practices affecting the coverage, scope and accessibility of credit information available through either a public credit registry or a private credit bureau.
This indicator reports the number of individuals and firms listed in a public credit registry with information on their borrowing history from the past 5 years.
This indicator reports the number of individuals and firms listed by a private credit bureau with information on their borrowing history from the past 5 years.
Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of getting credit is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for getting credit. These scores are the distance to frontier score for the sum of the strength of legal rights index and the depth of credit information index.
Bottom FALAIDUO Thick Shoes Non Slip Grey Lady Sports Fashion Shoes Platform Rocking Boat Ankle Shoes Casual Shoes Comfortable The indicators below describe three dimensions of investor protection: transparency of transactions (Extent of Disclosure Index), liability for self-dealing (Extent of Director Liability Index), shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (Ease of Shareholder Suits Index) and Strength of Investor Protection Index. The indexes vary between 0 and 10, with higher values indicating greater disclosure, greater liability of directors, greater powers of shareholders to challenge the transaction, and better investor protection.
This index is the average of the extent of disclosure index, the extent of director liability index, and the ease of shareholder suits index.
This index is the average of the extent of shareholder rights index, the strength of governance structure index, and the extent of corporate transparency index.
This topic records the taxes and mandatory contributions that a medium-size company must pay or withhold in a given year, as well as measures the administrative burden of paying taxes and contributions and complying with postfiling procedures.
The present value of the losses in interest earnings experienced by the firm because the utility holds a security deposit over a prolonged period.
The time it takes to prepare, file and pay (or withhold) the corporate income tax, value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social contributions (in hours per year).
The total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by the business in the second year of operation, expressed as a share of commercial profits.
The postfiling index is based on four components—time to comply with VAT or GST refund, time to obtain VAT or GST refund, time to comply with corporate income tax audit and time to complete a corporate income tax audit. If both VAT (or GST) and corporate income tax apply, the postfiling index is the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the four components. If only VAT (or GST) or corporate income tax applies, the postfiling index is the simple average of the scores for only the two components pertaining to the applicable tax. If neither VAT (or GST) nor corporate income tax applies, the postfiling index is not included in the ranking of the ease of paying taxes.
Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of paying taxes is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores on the ease of paying taxes. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the four component indicators – number of tax payments. time, total tax rate and postfiling index – with a threshold and a nonlinear transformation applied to one of the component indicators, the total tax rate. The nonlinear distance to frontier for the total tax rate is equal to the distance to frontier for the total tax rate to the power of 0.8. The threshold is defined as the total tax rate at the 15th percentile of the overall distribution for all years included in the analysis up to and including Doing Business 2015, which is 26.1%. All economies with a total tax rate below this threshold receive the same score as the economy at the threshold.
Notes: Names of taxes have been standardized. For instance income tax, profit tax, tax on company's income are all named corporate income tax in this table.
The hours for VAT include all the VAT and sales taxes applicable.
The hours for Social Security include all the hours for labor taxes and mandatory contributions in general.
The postfiling index is the average of the scores on time to comply with VAT refund, time to obtain a VAT refund, time to comply with a corporate income tax audit and time to complete a corporate income tax audit.
N/A = Not applicable.
This topic measures the time and cost (excluding tariffs) associated with three sets of procedures—documentary compliance, border compliance and domestic transport—within the overall process of exporting or importing a shipment of goods.
The time and cost for border compliance include time and cost for obtaining, preparing and submitting documents during port or border handling, customs clearance and inspection procedures.
The time and cost for border compliance include time and cost for obtaining, preparing and submitting documents during port or border handling, customs clearance and inspection procedures.
The time and cost for documentary compliance include the time and cost for obtaining documents, preparing documents, processing documents, presenting documents, and submitting documents.
The time and cost for documentary compliance include the time and cost for obtaining documents, preparing documents, processing documents, presenting documents, and submitting documents.
The time and cost for border compliance include time and cost for obtaining, preparing and submitting documents during port or border handling, customs clearance and inspection procedures.
The time and cost for border compliance include time and cost for obtaining, preparing and submitting documents during port or border handling, customs clearance and inspection procedures.
The time and cost for documentary compliance include the time and cost for obtaining documents, preparing documents, processing documents, presenting documents, and submitting documents.
The time and cost for documentary compliance include the time and cost for obtaining documents, preparing documents, processing documents, presenting documents, and submitting documents.
The total number of documents required per shipment to export goods. Documents required for clearance by government ministries, customs authorities, port and container terminal authorities, health and technical control agencies and banks are taken into account.
The time necessary to comply with all procedures required to export goods. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen.
The Cost to export for each year is divided by GDP deflator, to take the general price level into account when benchmarking this absolute-cost indicator across economies with different inflation trends. In Doing Business 2018 the deflated costs are identical to the non-deflated (base year for the deflator).
The total number of documents required per shipment to import goods. Documents required for clearance by government ministries, customs authorities, port and container terminal authorities, health and technical control agencies and banks are taken into account.
The time necessary to comply with all procedures required to import goods. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen.
The cost to import for each year is divided by GDP deflator, to take the general price level into account when benchmarking this absolute-cost indicator across economies with different inflation trends. In Doing Business 2018 the deflated costs are identical to the non-deflated (base year for the deflator).
Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of trading across borders is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for trading across borders. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for the time and cost for documentary compliance and border compliance to export and import (domestic transport is not used for calculating the ranking).
Enforcing Contracts measures the time and cost for resolving a commercial dispute through a local first-instance court and the quality of judicial processes index, evaluating whether each economy has adopted a series of good practices that promote quality and efficiency in the court system.
The time to resolve a dispute, counted from the moment the plaintiff files the lawsuit in court until payment. This includes both the days when actions take place and the waiting periods between.
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The cost in court fees, attorney fees (where the use of attorneys is mandatory or common) and enforcement fees expressed as a percentage of the claim value.
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The quality of judicial processes index measures whether each economy has adopted a series of good practices in its court system in four areas: court structure and proceedings, case management, court automation and alternative dispute resolution.
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Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of enforcing contracts is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for enforcing contracts. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the component indicators.
The time and cost required to resolve bankruptcies is shown below. The data identifies weaknesses in existing bankruptcy law and the main procedural and administrative bottlenecks in the bankruptcy process. The recovery rate, expressed in terms of how many cents on the dollar claimants recover from the insolvent firm, is also shown.
The recovery rate calculates how many cents on the dollar secured creditors recover from an insolvent firm at the end of insolvency proceedings.
Disclaimer: If an economy had zero insolvency cases a year over the past five years involving a judicial reorganization, judicial liquidation or debt enforcement procedure (foreclosure or receivership), the economy receives a “no practice” mark on the time, cost and outcome indicators. This means that creditors are unlikely to recover their money through a formal legal process. The recovery rate for “no practice” economies is zero.
Recovery by creditors depends on whether the hotel business emerges from the proceedings as a going concern or the company’s assets are sold piecemeal.
Disclaimer: If an economy had zero insolvency cases a year over the past five years involving a judicial reorganization, judicial liquidation or debt enforcement procedure (foreclosure or receivership), the economy receives a “no practice” mark on the time, cost and outcome indicators.
The index is the sum of four component indices: commencement of proceedings index, management of debtor’s assets index, reorganization proceedings index and creditor participation index.
Disclaimer: Even if the economy’s legal framework includes provisions related to insolvency proceedings (liquidation or reorganization), the economy receives 0 points for the strength of insolvency framework index, if time, cost and outcome indicators are recorded as “no practice”.” It is the same disclaimer that is added at the bottom of the page
Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of resolving insolvency is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for resolving insolvency. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for the recovery rate and the strength of insolvency framework index.
Note: Even if the economy’s legal framework includes provisions related to insolvency proceedings (liquidation or reorganization), the economy receives 0 points for the strength of insolvency framework index, if time, cost and outcome indicators are recorded as “no practice”.
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